Sulioti

Sulioti (řecky Σουλιώτες Suliotes) bylo helenizované[1] obyvatelstvo v minulosti žijící v Epiru, v jeho části Thesprotia. Nezabírali však celou Thesprotii, ale pouze její horskou část s vesnicí Suli. Byli to výborní bojovníci, kteří stále bojovali s Turky. Často jsou spojováni s Arvanity, žijícími na jihu Řecka.

Sulioti na malbě z 19. století

Původ a dějiny

Původ Suliotů nebyl přesně vyjasněn. Mohou být potomci Albánců, kteří se v 16. století před Turky uchýlili z rovin do horské oblasti Suli a zde Turkům odolávali. Podle jiných historiků jsou Sulioti potomci Řeků, kteří se s Albánci smíchali když spolu s nimi toto území osídlili. Toto tvrzení vysvětlují tak, že není možné, aby oblast Suli osídlili pouze Albánci, protože Suli bylo osídleno obyvateli z Thesprótie, kde většinu obyvatelstva tvořili Řekové a křesťanských Albánců tu mnoho nežilo. Tento názor zastává i Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos. V 19. století Sulioti psali pouze v řečtině a sami se považovali za Řeky. V 19. století, tedy v době jejich největší slávy, jich bylo asi 12 000. Zúčastnili se i bojů v Řecké válce za nezávislost. Známý řecký revolucionář Markos Botsaris byl také Suliot. Dnes jsou jejich vesnice opuštěné a potomci Suliotů žijí ve větších městech, kde se však již promíchali s ostatním řeckým obyvatelstvem a tak ztratili svou specifickou identitu.

Literatura

Ανάργυρος Φανγκρίδας. Σούλι - Το Ορμητήριο του Προεπαναστατικού Αγώνα. Αθήνα: Περισκόπιο, 2003.

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Sulioti na slovenské Wikipedii.

- Balázs Trencsényi, Michal Kopeček. Discourses of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770-1945): The Formation of National Movements, Published by Central European University Press, 2006, ISBN 963732660X, 9789637326608 p. 173 "The Souliotes were Albanian by origin and Orthodox by faith"
  * Giant Koliopoulos, John S. Koliopoulos, Thanos Veremēs. Greece: The Modern Sequel : from 1831 to the Present Edition: 2 Published by C. Hurst & amp; Co. Publishers, 2004 ISBN 185065462X, 9781850654629 p. 184
  * Eric Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality Edition: 2, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1992 ISBN 0521439612, 9780521439619 p. 65
  * NGL Hammond, Epirus: the Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas, Published by Clarendon P., 1967, p. 31 "
  * Clogg, Richard Minority in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society. Oxford: Hurst, 2002, p. 178. [Footnote]" The Souliotes were a warlike Albanian Christian community, which resisted Ali Pasha in Epirus in the years immediately preceding the outbreak the Greek War of Independence in 1821. "
  * Vickers, Miranda. The Albanians: A Modern History. IB Tauris, 1999, ISBN 1860645410, p. 20. "The Suliots, then numbering around 12,000, were Christian Albanians inhabiting a small independent community somewhat Akin to tat of the Catholic Mirda tRIVAL to the north
  * Pappas, Nicholas. Greeks in Russian Military Service in the Late 18th and Early 19th Centuries. Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies. Monograph Series, No. 219, 1991, ISSN 0073-862X.
  * Fleming, Katherine Elizabeth. The Muslim Bonaparte: Diplomacy and Orientalism in Ali Pasha 's Greece. Princeton University Press, 1999, ISBN 0691001944, p. 59. "The history of the Orthodox Albanian peoples of the mountain stronghold of Souli provides an example of such an overlap."
  * Gerolymatos, André. The Balkan Wars: Conquest, Revolution, and Retribution from the Ottoman Era to the Twentieth Century and Beyond. Basic Books, 2002, ISBN 0465027326, p. 141. "The Suliot dance of death is an integral image of the Greek revolution and it has been seared into the consciousness of Greek schoolchildren for generations. Many Youngsters pay Homage to the memory of these Orthodox Albanians each year by recreating the event in their elementary school pageants. "
  * Darby, Henry Clifford and Great Britain Naval Intelligence Division. Greece. University Press, 1944. "... who belong to the Cham větev of south Albanian Tosks (see volume I, pp. 363-5). In the mid-eighteenth century these people (the Souliotes) were a semi-autonomous community. .. "

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[1] Balázs Trencsényi, Michal Kopeček. Discourses of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770-1945): The Formation of National Movements, Published by Central European University Press, 2006, ISBN 963732660X, 9789637326608 p. 173 "The Souliotes were Albanian by origin and Orthodox by faith"
* Giant Koliopoulos, John S. Koliopoulos, Thanos Veremēs. Greece: The Modern Sequel : from 1831 to the Present Edition: 2 Published by C. Hurst & amp; Co. Publishers, 2004 ISBN 185065462X, 9781850654629 p. 184
* Eric Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality Edition: 2, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1992 ISBN 0521439612, 9780521439619 p. 65
* NGL Hammond, Epirus: the Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas, Published by Clarendon P., 1967, p. 31 "
* Clogg, Richard Minority in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society. Oxford: Hurst, 2002, p. 178. [Footnote]" The Souliotes were a warlike Albanian Christian community, which resisted Ali Pasha in Epirus in the years immediately preceding the outbreak the Greek War of Independence in 1821. "
* Vickers, Miranda. The Albanians: A Modern History. IB Tauris, 1999, ISBN 1860645410, p. 20. "The Suliots, then numbering around 12,000, were Christian Albanians inhabiting a small independent community somewhat Akin to tat of the Catholic Mirda tRIVAL to the north
* Pappas, Nicholas. Greeks in Russian Military Service in the Late 18th and Early 19th Centuries. Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies. Monograph Series, No. 219, 1991, ISSN 0073-862X.
* Fleming, Katherine Elizabeth. The Muslim Bonaparte: Diplomacy and Orientalism in Ali Pasha 's Greece. Princeton University Press, 1999, ISBN 0691001944, p. 59. "The history of the Orthodox Albanian peoples of the mountain stronghold of Souli provides an example of such an overlap."
* Gerolymatos, André. The Balkan Wars: Conquest, Revolution, and Retribution from the Ottoman Era to the Twentieth Century and Beyond. Basic Books, 2002, ISBN 0465027326, p. 141. "The Suliot dance of death is an integral image of the Greek revolution and it has been seared into the consciousness of Greek schoolchildren for generations. Many Youngsters pay Homage to the memory of these Orthodox Albanians each year by recreating the event in their elementary school pageants. "
* Darby, Henry Clifford and Great Britain Naval Intelligence Division. Greece. University Press, 1944. "... who belong to the Cham větev of south Albanian Tosks (see volume I, pp. 363-5). In the mid-eighteenth century these people (the Souliotes) were a semi-autonomous community. .. "

[2] Balázs Trencsényi, Michal Kopeček. Discourses of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770-1945): The Formation of National Movements, Published by Central European University Press, 2006, ISBN 963732660X, 9789637326608 p. 173 "The Souliotes were Albanian by origin and Orthodox by faith"
* Giant Koliopoulos, John S. Koliopoulos, Thanos Veremēs. Greece: The Modern Sequel : from 1831 to the Present Edition: 2 Published by C. Hurst & amp; Co. Publishers, 2004 ISBN 185065462X, 9781850654629 p. 184
* Eric Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality Edition: 2, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1992 ISBN 0521439612, 9780521439619 p. 65
* NGL Hammond, Epirus: the Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas, Published by Clarendon P., 1967, p. 31 "
* Clogg, Richard Minority in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society. Oxford: Hurst, 2002, p. 178. [Footnote]" The Souliotes were a warlike Albanian Christian community, which resisted Ali Pasha in Epirus in the years immediately preceding the outbreak the Greek War of Independence in 1821. "
* Vickers, Miranda. The Albanians: A Modern History. IB Tauris, 1999, ISBN 1860645410, p. 20. "The Suliots, then numbering around 12,000, were Christian Albanians inhabiting a small independent community somewhat Akin to tat of the Catholic Mirda tRIVAL to the north
* Pappas, Nicholas. Greeks in Russian Military Service in the Late 18th and Early 19th Centuries. Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies. Monograph Series, No. 219, 1991, ISSN 0073-862X.
* Fleming, Katherine Elizabeth. The Muslim Bonaparte: Diplomacy and Orientalism in Ali Pasha 's Greece. Princeton University Press, 1999, ISBN 0691001944, p. 59. "The history of the Orthodox Albanian peoples of the mountain stronghold of Souli provides an example of such an overlap."
* Gerolymatos, André. The Balkan Wars: Conquest, Revolution, and Retribution from the Ottoman Era to the Twentieth Century and Beyond. Basic Books, 2002, ISBN 0465027326, p. 141. "The Suliot dance of death is an integral image of the Greek revolution and it has been seared into the consciousness of Greek schoolchildren for generations. Many Youngsters pay Homage to the memory of these Orthodox Albanians each year by recreating the event in their elementary school pageants. "
* Darby, Henry Clifford and Great Britain Naval Intelligence Division. Greece. University Press, 1944. "... who belong to the Cham větev of south Albanian Tosks (see volume I, pp. 363-5). In the mid-eighteenth century these people (the Souliotes) were a semi-autonomous community. .. "