Bitva u Ankary

Bitva u Ankary
	; Mughalská ilustrace
trvání:	20. července 1402
místo:	Çubuk poblíž Ankary
výsledek:	rozhodné Timurovo vítězství[1][2]
strany
Tímúrovská říše; Akkojunluská říše	Osmanská říše; Kastriotské knížectví; Moravské Srbsko; Brankovićovo Srbsko; anatolské bejliky; Černí Tataři; albánské oddíly[3]; valašské oddíly;
velitelé
Tamerlán; Šáhruch; Khalil Sultán; Miran Šáh; Abú Bakr; Sultán Husajn Tajičiud; Muhammad Sultán Mírzá; Pir Muhammad Mírzá; Šáh-i-Šahán; Uthmán Beg	Bájezíd I. (zajat); Sulejman Çelebi (levé křídlo); Mehmed Çelebi[4][5][6]; Musa Çelebi; Mustafa Çelebi; Stefan Lazarević[7][8][9][10]; Đurađ Branković; Gjon Kastrioti
síla
140 000	85 000–120 000 celkem: 2 000–10 000 Srbů[11][12]; 21 000 Tatarů[13];
ztráty
až 40 000 padlých[13]	40 000[13]–50 000[14] padlých

Bitva u Ankary nebo bitva u Angory byl střet mezi vojsky osmanského sultána Bajezida I. a turko-mongolsko-íránského dobyvatele Timura, ke kterému došlo 20. července 1402[15] u Ankary.

V této bitvě došlo k jedné z největších porážek osmanských sil v historii. Timur Turkům znemožnil přístup k pitné vodě, což výrazně snížilo bojeschopnost osmanské armády. Sultán Bajezid byl zajat a v roce 1403 v zajetí zemřel. Osmanská říše se pomalu hroutila v důsledku bojů mezi čtyřmi Bajezidovými syny o moc a až po deseti letech neustálých bojů se začala opět sjednocovat. Vítězstvím Timura se také oddálil zánik Byzantské říše.

Reference

Rafis Abazov, Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of Central Asia, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 56.
Europe in the Late Middle Ages, ed. John Rigby Hale, John Roger Loxdale Highfield, Beryl Smalley, (Northwestern University Press, 1965), 150;"Timur, after defeating the Mamluks in 1400, won a decisive victory over the Ottomans near Ankara in 1402".
FINE, Jon Van Antwerp. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. [s.l.]: University of Michigan Press, 1994. ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5. S. 422. (anglicky)
A History of Greece: The Byzantine and Greek empires, pt. 2, A.D. 1057–1453 by George Finlay, Henry Fanshawe Tozer; Clarendon Press, 1877,
About the Serb contingent: Ducas (35. edit. Paris) makes the Servians 5000; Chalcocondila (78) says 10,000. But the Servian contingent was fixed at 2000 heavy cavalry in the first treaty between Servia and the Byzantine empire and Sultan Bayezid adopted the same number when he completed the subjection of Servia
Encyclopaedia Britannica: Or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, Enlarged and Improved, Volume 27 A. Constable, 1911 page 444
The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries by Kenneth Meyer Setton; American Philosophical Society, 1976 page 376
John Van Antwerp Fine (1994) The Late Medieval Balkans. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; p. 499.
Erik Hildinger (2001) Warriors of the Steppe. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press ISBN 0-306-81065-4; p. 189.
John Patrick Douglas Balfour Kinross (1977) The Ottoman Centuries. New York: William Morrow and Company; p. 75.
René Grousset (1970) The Empire of the Steppes, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press ISBN 0-8135-0627-1; p. 451.
BURY, J. B. The Cambridge Medieval History. Tanner, J. R., Previté-Orton, C. W., Brooke Z. N. (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1923. S. 562. (anglicky)
Prawdin, Michael, and Gérard Chaliand, The Mongol Empire, (Transaction Publishers, 2006), 495.
Tucker, Spencer C. (2010) Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict. ABC-ClIO; p. 140
Prof. Dr. Nazeer Ahmed, PhD
"Ankara, Battle of" in The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 423.

Literatura

Klaus-Peter Matschke: Die Schlacht bei Ankara und das Schicksal ven Byzanz. Studien zur spätbyzantinischen Geschichte zwischen 1402 und 1422. Böhlau, Weimar 1981, (Forschungen zur mittelalterlichen Geschichte 29
Gustav Roloff: Die Schlacht bei Angora (1402). In: Heinrich von Sybel: Historische Zeitschrift. Band 161, Heft 2, Oldenbourg, München 1940, S. 244-262.

Externí odkazy

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Encyclopædia Britannica: Battle of Ankara (anglicky)
DBA Battle Scenario: The Battle of Angora (anglicky)

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[1] Rafis Abazov, Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of Central Asia, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 56.

[2] Europe in the Late Middle Ages, ed. John Rigby Hale, John Roger Loxdale Highfield, Beryl Smalley, (Northwestern University Press, 1965), 150;"Timur, after defeating the Mamluks in 1400, won a decisive victory over the Ottomans near Ankara in 1402".

[3] FINE, Jon Van Antwerp. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. [s.l.]: University of Michigan Press, 1994. ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5. S. 422. (anglicky)

[4] A History of Greece: The Byzantine and Greek empires, pt. 2, A.D. 1057–1453 by George Finlay, Henry Fanshawe Tozer; Clarendon Press, 1877,
About the Serb contingent: Ducas (35. edit. Paris) makes the Servians 5000; Chalcocondila (78) says 10,000. But the Servian contingent was fixed at 2000 heavy cavalry in the first treaty between Servia and the Byzantine empire and Sultan Bayezid adopted the same number when he completed the subjection of Servia

[5] Encyclopaedia Britannica: Or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, Enlarged and Improved, Volume 27 A. Constable, 1911 page 444

[6] The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries by Kenneth Meyer Setton; American Philosophical Society, 1976 page 376

[7] John Van Antwerp Fine (1994) The Late Medieval Balkans. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; p. 499.

[8] Erik Hildinger (2001) Warriors of the Steppe. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press ISBN 0-306-81065-4; p. 189.

[9] John Patrick Douglas Balfour Kinross (1977) The Ottoman Centuries. New York: William Morrow and Company; p. 75.

[10] René Grousset (1970) The Empire of the Steppes, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press ISBN 0-8135-0627-1; p. 451.

[Bury-11] BURY, J. B. The Cambridge Medieval History. Tanner, J. R., Previté-Orton, C. W., Brooke Z. N. (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1923. S. 562. (anglicky)

[12] Prawdin, Michael, and Gérard Chaliand, The Mongol Empire, (Transaction Publishers, 2006), 495.

[Tucker10-13] Tucker, Spencer C. (2010) Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict. ABC-ClIO; p. 140

[Prof._Dr._Nazeer_Ahmed,_PhD-14] Prof. Dr. Nazeer Ahmed, PhD

[Brit-15] "Ankara, Battle of" in The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 423.